贯彻《水文条例》加强水文科研工作

水文是水利工作乃至国民经济社会发展的基础性和公益性工作。环境的变化、社会的发展、新时期水利工作治水思路转变等均向水文工作提出了新的要求，也提出了许多新的水文科学技术问题。我们应该认真学习贯彻《中华人民共和国水文条例》，加强水文监测工作，加强水文资料的汇交、管理和共享．进一步推进水文现代化建设，推进水文事业的健康发展。     

防汛应用系统整合与完善的探讨

随着黄委“数字黄河”工程建设的开展以及计算机广域网络的扩大、开发技术运行方式的变化和用户的迅速增长，需要将防汛系统资源进行综合利用，满足业务生产需求。“数字黄河”工程规划完成后．我们根据规划首先选择防汛应用系统为突破口，以防汛会商综合信息支持为目标，将单个的防汛应用系统进行规范、完善，最终建成防汛信息综合平台．在平台的基础上实现现有应用系统和新开发系统的集成。     

Identification of critical erosion prone areas in the small agricultural watershed using USLE,GIS and remote sensing

In the present study, Karso watershed of Hazaribagh, Jharkhand State, India was divided into 200 × 200 grid cells and average annual sediment yields were estimated for each grid cell of the watershed to identify the critical erosion prone areas of watershed for prioritization purpose. Average annual sediment yield data on grid basis was estimated using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). In general, a major limitation in the use of hydrological models has been their inability to handle the large amounts of input data that describe the heterogeneity of the natural system. Remote sensing (RS) technology provides the vital spatial and temporal information on some of these parameters. A recent and emerging technology represented by Geographic Information System (GIS) was used as the tool to generate, manipulate and spatially organize disparate data for sediment yield modeling. Thus, the Arc Info 7.2 GIS software and RS (ERDAS IMAGINE 8.4 image processing software) provided spatial input data to the erosion model, while the USLE was used to predict the spatial distribution of the sediment yield on grid basis. The deviation of estimated sediment yield from the observed values in the range of 1.37 to 13.85 percent indicates accurate estimation of sediment yield from the watershed.     

浅谈山东省灌区水价执行情况与发展趋势

随着山东省经济社会的快速发展,社会对水的需求迅速增长。按照市场经济规律要求,建立起符合价值规律的水价形成机制和管理体制,发挥价格的经济杠杆作用,促进水资源合理配置、节约用水和水利工程管理单位良性运行,为全省经济和社会健康、快速、可持续发展提供支撑,是当务之急。     

三峡-葛洲坝梯级电站水能优化利用效益分析

三峡——葛洲坝梯级电站是我国的巨型水电站，控制水量接近长江总水量的一半，电站的水能优化利用对充分利用长江流域水资源、提高电站发电效益至关重要。根据长江上游流域来水特性及梯级枢纽的运行特点．对梯级电站在三峡工程围堰发电期的水能优化利用途径、取得的发电效益及初期运行期梯级电站水能优化利用的潜力进行了系统分析。有利于提高电站的发电效益。     

基于地震道时频分析的地层结构解析原理和方法

 地震时频分析是通过对地震信号采用多种数学变换，实现从时频域角度对信号的局部特征进行分解，剖析信号细微特征所对应的地层结构。在应用地震时频分析技术过程中，人们对于这项技术能否真正有效地解决实际地质问题存在许多争论。本文从时频原理综合分析的角度出发，对地震道时频谱中各种频率特性参数和时频旋回直接转化成对地层结构逐级、分步的解析方法进行了较深入的探讨。研究认为时频分析原理不仅是对地震数据进行特殊数学变换，实现对信号的分解，而且充分利用了地层厚度的调谐效应及岩性调谐效应；时频谱与地质结构特征之间的良好响应关系为地震地质精细解释提供了直观的依据。     

喷射导管技术在深水钻井作业中的应用

深水油气日益成为海洋石油勘探开发的热点，但深水钻井作业面临着许多难题和挑战，喷射导管技术是解决深水浅层钻井难题的技术之一。该技术采用在喷射管柱内下动力钻具的方式，用钻入泥线以下的管串自身重力钻进，喷射到位后利用地层的粘附力和摩擦力稳固住导管，起出送入工具和管内钻具，完成导管的安装。喷射导管技术可避免因水泥浆密度过大而压破地层，也可避免深水由于低温等因素影响固井质量。我国第一口水深超千米的深水井——荔湾3-1-1井利用该技术成功完成了导管的安装，井口装置没有出现井口失稳的问题。随着我国深水勘探步伐的加快，越来越多的深水区块将投入勘探开发，喷射导管技术具有良好的应用前景。     

Inhibitory activity of ginger rhizome on airway and uterine smooth muscle preparations

In this study, we describe the tracheal-relaxant and tocolytic activities of the methanol (ME) and aqueous (AQ) crude extracts of ginger (rhizome of Zingiber officinale) in an attempt to rationalize its traditional use in disorders of airways and uterine hyperactivity. Both of the ginger extracts dose-dependently relaxed K⁺ (80 mM) and carbachol (CCh, 1 μM)-induced contractions with more potency against K⁺, similar to that elicited by verapamil, a Ca²⁺ channel blocker. In isolated uterine preparations, the extracts suppressed the K⁺-induced contractions with respective EC₅₀ values of 0.03 mg/ml (0.02–0.05, 95% CI) and 0.05 mg/ml (0.04–0.06). Activity-directed fractionation of AQ yielded an organic and an aqueous fraction with the activities concentrated in the former. Both the crude extracts were found safe in mice up to the oral dose of 5 g/kg when tested for acute toxicity for 24 h. The study shows that ginger possesses tracheal and uterine smooth muscle relaxant activity, possibility mediated via Ca²⁺ channel blockade, justifying its use in disorders such as asthma, cough as well as in dysmenorrhoea and uterine and menstrual spasms and congestion.     

电加热柔性连续抽油杆动态特性的计算机模拟

根据电加热柔性连续抽油杆的特性、参数及井下基本工况,建立了三级混合抽油杆柱的有限元模型。运用有限元软件对混合杆柱的动态特性进行计算机模拟,得到各关键点位移、速度随时间变化曲线,以及计算机模拟的地面示功图,为抽油机、抽油杆设计和井下故障诊断提供理论依据。与传统电加热空心抽油杆相比,电加热柔性连续抽油杆在降载和节能方面优势显著。     

Observation and Analysis of Gypsum Particleboard using SEM

The microstructures of gypsum board and gypsum particleboard were observed by SEM. The effects of retarder and waterproof agent on the shape and the average dimension of the gypsum crystal were discussed. The mechanism was investigated as well. Four typical instances, i e, the gypsum crystal shape, the gypsum combined with particles on the particles surface, the gypsum combined with particles on the wood cross section and the gypsum combined with particles inside the wood cell cavity were selected and observed. Furthermore, the agglomeration and cementation mechanism between gypsum and particle were studied.